The Hanfu or 漢服 literally means the traditional clothing of the Han Chinese people. The Hanfu changes with each passing dynasty, much like a natural progression (At least until the advent of the Qing Dynasty). A Hanfu can consist of two or three layers. Generally, the Chinese Hanfu consists of a piece of clothing with loose lapels, open upper garments, skirts (“chang” or 裳), long loose sleeves, collars that are diagonal with the left side of the clothing crossing over the right side, with Belts and sashes that are used to secure the garments around the waist. The first layer of clothing is mostly the zhongyi (中衣) which is much like modern-day T-shirt and pants. There can be an optional third layer, an overcoat called a zhaoshan which is open at the front. The next layer is the main layer of clothing which is closed at the front. More complicated sets of Hanfu can have many more layers. There are also accessories with tassels, pendants , cloth pouches, cloth purses and other ornaments, which are commonly hung from the belt or sash, known as pei (珮).For footwear, the common man wear long white socks and cloth shoes (with white soles), but in the past, shoes may have a front face panel attached to the tip of the shoes. The Chinese also commonly wear Headpieces (Men) and Hairpieces(Women) that separates them from other cultures. The Hanfu also have a formal, semi-formal and informal versions for ceremonies and daily life. Common Misconceptions: The Qipao or Cheongsam is NOT the costume of the Han Chinese. There are different varieties of Hanfus for different professions in China, be it peasant, artisan, soldier, scholar, monk,priest, merchant or even Royalty. It is the ethnic costume of the Manchu, although with some influence from Hanfu. The Manchu-ruled Qing Dynasty forced the Qipao (and the “infamous” pigtail) upon the Chinese Majority. Fun Titbit: The Hanfu can be considered the precursor to the Hanbok, aó đầm and the Japanese Kimono. China in the past is the Superpower of the East. The Qing dynasty lasted for around 300 years, which is a reason why majority of the Chinese have forgotten the Hanfu or mistaken the Qipao for their ethnic dress This is a result why the Hanfu movement started in the current era. Many non-Chinese within the Chinese sphere of influence are interested in adopting Chinese culture (Writing system etc.) and court dress (Considered the most civilised and trending clothing at the time). Indeed, the Kimono in particular, share many similaries to the Hanfu, especially in the previous dynasties. Please see the related links below for examples of the Chinese Hanfu, comparisons between the Hanfu and Japanese Kimono, and much more.
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